13th International Conference on Microbial Interactions & Microbial Ecology July 19-20, 2018 Rome, Italy

Microbial ecology is the study of relationship between microbes and their surrounds, biased image of the role of microbes in nature obtained from laboratory studies of pure culture cultures  data leads to inappropriate conclusions about their relevance. Eg. E. coli grows in animals intestinal tracts but merely survive in aquatic environments , E. coli are transients and not residents of aquifers from which they can be isolated.Microbial ecology studies entail the use of conventional microbiological techniques (cultural / enumeration procedures, EM, radioactive tracer methods) and modern molecular techniques (gene analysis, nuclei acid probes, sequencing) .

The host-pathogen interaction is defined as how microbes or viruses sustain themselves within host organisms on a molecular, cellular, organismal or population level. This term is most commonly used to refer to disease-causing microorganisms although they may not cause illness in all hosts. Because of this, the definition has been expanded to how known pathogens survive within their host, whether they cause disease or not.On the molecular and cellular level, microbes can infect the host and divide rapidly, causing disease by being there and causing a homeostatic imbalance in the body, or by secreting toxins which cause symptoms to appear. Viruses can also infect the host with virulent DNA, which can affect normal cell processes (transcription, translation, etc.), protein folding, or evading the immune response.

Bioremediation is a process used to treat contaminated media, including water, soil and subsurface material, by altering environmental conditions to stimulate growth of microorganisms and degrade the target pollutants. Biological treatment is a similar approach used to treat wastes including wastewater, industrial waste and solid waste.

Infectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Microorganisms that cause illness are all things considered called pathogens. Numerous living beings live in and on our bodies. They're regularly safe or even supportive, yet under specific conditions, a few creatures may bring about illness. Some irresistible illnesses can be passed from individual to individual. Some irresistible sicknesses can be passed from individual to individual. Some are transmitted by nibbles from bugs or creatures. Also, others are obtained by ingesting sullied sustenance or water or being presented to life forms in nature. Signs and side effects fluctuate contingent upon the life form bringing on the contamination, yet regularly incorporate fever and weariness.

The activities of complex communities of microbes affect biogeochemical transformations in natural, managed and engineered ecosystems. Meaningfully defining what constitutes a community of interacting microbial populations is not trivial, but is important for rigorous progress in the field. Important elements of research in microbial community ecology include the analysis of functional pathways for nutrient resource and energy flows, mechanistic understanding of interactions between microbial populations and their environment, and the emergent properties of the complex community.

Microbial biotechnology includes exploitation, genetic manipulation and alterations of microbes involves fermentation and various upstream and downstream processes were developed for the production of food and feed grade microbial protein from industrial by-products, such as methanol and alkanes. These processes lead to considerable savings in capital, energy and labour costs.

Soil microbiology is the study of organisms in soil, their functions, and how they affect soil properties. It is believed that between two and four billion years ago, the first ancient bacteria and microorganisms came about in Earth's oceans. These bacteria could fix nitrogen, in time multiplied and as a result released oxygen into the atmosphere. This led to more advanced microorganisms. Microorganisms in soil are important because they affect soil structure and fertility. Soil microorganisms can be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae and protozoa. Each of these groups has characteristics that define them and their functions in soil.

A microorganism may be a microbe that has the potential to cause sickness. An infection is that    the invasion      and multiplication of infective microbes in a private or population. Disease is once the infection causes injury        to the individual’s important functions or systems. An infection doesn't invariably lead to disease. To cause an        infection, microbes should enter our bodies. Microbes will enter the body through the four sites listed below:Respiratory tract (mouth and nose) e.g. respiratory  disease virus that causes the contagious disease.     Gastrointestinal tract (mouth oral cavity) e.g. eubacteria epidemic cholera that causes    cholera. Urogenital tract  e.g. Escherichia  that causes    urinary tract infection. Breaks within the skin surface e.g. eubacteria tetani that causes tetanus.

A mixture or a group of organism that commonly found at any anatomical site is referred to as the normal flora. In a healthy animal blood, brain and muscle are normally not affected by normal flora but the surface tissues like skin and mucous are constantly exposed. Normal flora of humans is complex it varies according to age, sex, diet and nutrition. Microbial association with skin is mainly due to staphylococci and Corynebacteria. These two are considered as non pathogenic.It has some parasitic and mutalistic roles too, it produce fatty acid that inhibit the growth of fungi and yeast in the skin

Environmental Microbiology is devoted to the advancement of our understanding of microbial interactions and microbial processes in the environment; Environmental microbiology is the study of the composition and physiology of microbial communities in the environment. The environment in this case means the soil, water, air and sediments covering the planet and can also include the animals and plants that inhabit these areas. Environmental microbiology also includes the study of microorganisms that exist in artificial environments such as bioreactors.

Microbial Pathogenesis is the study of the molecular mechanisms used by microbes to cause disease in humans and animals. Bacterial, protozoan, fungal and viral pathogens have evolved a wide variety of tools to establish themselves in the host and gain nutrients, which also cause damage and disease.